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a. The overall performance of masonry acting compositely with retrofitted reinforcement can be predicted.
b. The sensitivity of seismic resistivity to the pattern of reinforcement has been determined thereby allowing the comparison of practically viable schemes.
c. A pattern of reinforcement has been investigated that improves seismic resistance and that works equally well for walls with and without openings.
d. The results have also shown that retrofitted reinforcement unless carefully placed may actually reduce seismic resistivity.
e. The development of strengthening schemes would have been extremely difficult and costly using conventional analysis or testing. However, to be completely confident that the results obtained by these numerical simulations are correct, further
work is required to verify the simulations against observed behaviour of masonry structures subjected to seismic loading.
f. The field test proved conclusively that the retrofitted reinforced masonry support system is capable of providing the necessary strength to existing masonry walls to resist the effects of large blast loads. Furthermore, using the
finite/discrete element model it is now possible to predict accurately the effects of a blast load on a strengthened wall and design the reinforcement pattern accordingly.
Appendix:
Deflection Contours for the Reinforced Wall
References:
Brookes, C.L. Mehrkar-Asl, S. 1998. Numerical modelling of masonry using discrete elements.
Proceedings of the 6th SECED Conference on Seismic Design Practice into the Next Century, Oxford.
Brookes, C.L. Tilly G P. 1999. Novell method of strengthening masonry arch bridges.
Structural Faults and Repair – 99, 8th International Conference, London.
Cintec International Limited. 2000. The Cintec anchor system. Newport, Wales, UK.
Cundall, P.A. 1971. A computer model for simulating progressive, large scale movement in blocky systems. Proceedings: Symp. ISRM, Nancy, France, Vol. 2, 129-136.
Engineering and Mechanics Research Corporation 1999. DISPLAY3 version 9.0 production.
Troy, Michigan, USA.
Key, D. E. 1998. Parameter influences on the out of plane seismic collapse of unreinforced masonry panels. Proceedings of the 6th SECED Conference on Seismic Design Practice into the Next Century, Oxford.
Munjiza A., Owen, D.R.J., Bicanic, N. 1995. A combined finite/discrete element method in transient dynamics of fracturing solids. Engineering computations, 12, 145-174.
Rockfield Software Limited 1998. ELFEN version 2.8.0a_MT Archtec version. University of Wales Swansea.
Roberts, D.P. 1999. Finite element modelling of rockbolts and reinforcing elements. PhD Thesis, University of Wales Swansea.
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