14. Conclusions. By combining the discrete element technique with a finite element formulation for reinforcement, numerical models have been developed that have allowed rapid evaluation of the relative performance of reinforcement-based
retrofitted strengthening. This process has been illustrated in two ways. Firstly, a plane shear wall was subjected to simplified hypothetical ground movements and secondly, a masonry wall was loaded by a blast wave. The results of the latter were
also verified by a full-scale field test. The following conclusions have been drawn.
